Reporters and parallel citations: The same case often appears in more than one official source ( aka, a case reporter). General case name rules: How many parties to list, procedural phrases, proper abbreviations, omitting "the," geographic terms & business firm designations in citations: In these situation, the typeface is different
Bluebook abbreviations for words 10.2.2 how to#
Special rules for how to refer to judges and terms of court in text and citationsĬase name in textual sentence vs. Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court Special rules for what words should and should not be capitalized in legal writing Italicization for Style & Unique Instancesįoreign words and phrases: Some foreign words should be italicized while others should not Numbers and symbols: Provides direction on when to use a number or symbol and when to spell the word out (9 vs. Abbreviations, Numerals, and SymbolsĪbbreviations: Refers you to all of the Tables (located at the back of The Bluebook) containing the proper abbreviations for dates, geographical locations, sources & etc. Omissions: Leaving out a word or sentence from a quote using an ellipsis (.) Hereinafter: Used to shorten the formal title of a book or article to make it easier to short cite directly to it in subsequent citationsīlock quotations of fifty words or more: Provides direction on formatting your longer quotations in the text & in footnotesĪlterations of quotations: Changing the formatting of an original quotation so that it fits grammatically & contextually in your writing Supra: Some types of sources (non-primary sources) need only be fully-cited once and can later be referred back to using supra : Use when citing to the same source that you've cited in the sentence/footnote directly preceding your current sentence/footnote Internal cross-references: To refer to other portions of your text within the writing itself use supra (for material appearing later) and infra (for material appearing earlier) Sections: When it's appropriate, use the "§" for materials that aren't separated by page numbers (e.g. statutes) Page numbers: The Bluebook requires you to cite to specific pages of the materials you're citing, often offsetting your page from the rest of the citation with the word "at" Typeface conventions for textual material: When referring to a source within the text of your writing, the typeface rules are simpler than in a citation cases, statutes, books & etc.) have different typeface rules Typeface conventions for citations: When cited, different sources (e.g. Parentheticals: Giving the rules about how to use parentheticals in citations to explain something about the source you're citing Order of authorities within each signal: Rules about what types of authorities are listed before others in a citation string Signals: You use signals to connect & distinguish citations from each other & from your textual material Major things contained in these general rules include: Rule # Rules 1-9 "establishes general standards of citation and style" ( The Bluebook: A uniform System of Citation 1 (Columbia L. Abbrev.: Common Words in Periodical TitlesĪbbrev.: Institutions in Periodical Titles